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Film Recommendation
The King's Speech
The King's Speech
Bentley WB Ch 37.pdf | |
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Resources
The Holocaust and Historical Methodology.pdf | |
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Crash Course
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Primary Source
They Keep us Like Slaves' 1996 interview with East Timorese Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo.
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Cambodia: Year Zero Catholic Priest François Ponchaud's account of the post-Vietnam War Cambodian genocide.
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Account of Holocaust Mass Shooting, 1942 Hermann Friedrich Graebe describes a mass shooting in the Ukraine.
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Commencement Address at Harvard University by Secretary of State George MarshallSecretary of State George Marshall proposes the European Recovery Program (ERP) at Harvard's 1947 commencement.
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National Security Council (NSC)-68
Secret U.S. government document that characterized the Cold War as fundamentally ideological, and that called for the militarization of the Containment Doctrine. |
DBQ
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Frank Capra's Why We Fight (7 Film Playlist)
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Why We Fight is a series of seven documentary films commissioned by the United States government during World War II whose purpose was to show American soldiers the reason for U.S. involvement in the war. Later on they were also shown to the general U.S. public to persuade them to support American involvement in the war.
Most of the films were directed by Frank Capra, who was daunted yet also impressed and challenged by Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will and worked in direct response to it. The series faced a tough challenge: convincing a recently non-interventionist nation of the need to become involved in the war and ally with the Soviets, among other things. In many of the films, Capra and other directors spliced in Axis powers propaganda footage going back twenty years, and re-contextualized it so it promoted the cause of the Allies. |
Charlie Chaplin's Great Dictator (Contemporary Score)
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Ken Burns The War
Disney WWII Propaganda
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
WWII Chronolgoically
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Economic and political causes of World War II
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The Munich Agreement
was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, without the presence of Czechoslovakia. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany. The agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938 (but dated 29 September). The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland in the face of ethnic demands made by Adolf Hitler. The agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defenses were situated there, and many of its banks and heavy industries were located there as well. Because the state of Czechoslovakia was not invited to the conference, it considered itself to have been betrayed by the United Kingdom and France, so Czechs and Slovaks call the Munich Agreement the Munich Dictat (Czech:Mnichovský diktát; Slovak: Mníchovský diktát). The phrase "Munich Betrayal" (Czech: Mnichovská zrada; Slovak:Mníchovská zrada) is also used because the military alliance Czechoslovakia had with France and Britain proved useless. Today the document is typically referred to simply as the Munich Pact (Mnichovská dohoda). |
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The Invasion of Poland
by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovakcontingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasioncommenced on 17 September 1939 following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement which terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities (Nomonhan incident) in the east on 16 September 1939.[15] The campaign ended on 6 October 1939 with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. The morning after the Gleiwitz incident, German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west. As the Germans advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Polish–German border to more established lines of defence to the east. After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage. Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgeheadand awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom.[16] The two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September, though in the end their aid to Poland in the September campaign was very limited. |
SUGGESTIONS FOR RESOURCES
Besides the works cited in the chapter bibliography, you might find the following books helpful:
On the War in Europe
Beevor, Antony. Stalingrad.
Bowen, Wayne. Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaborations in the New Order.
Bullock, Alan. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives.
Churchill, Winston. Memoirs of the Second World War.
Fest, Joachim. Hitler.
Hinsley, Francis. British Intelligence in the Second World War.
Litoff, Judy B., ed. American Women in a World at War: Contemporary Accounts from World War II.
Overy, Richard. Why the Allies Won the War.
Roeder, George. The Censored War: American Visual Experience during World War Two.
Stalin, Joseph. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.
Taylor, A. J. P. Origins of the Second World War.
Volkogonov, Dmitri. Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy.
On the War in the Pacific
Alperovitz, Gar. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth.
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II.
Fujitani, T., Geoffrey White, and Lisa Yoneyama, eds. Perilous Memories: The Asia-Pacific Wars.
Hershey, John. Hiroshima.
Kiyosawa, Kiyoshi. A Diary of Darkness: The Wartime Diary of Kiyosawa Kiyoshi.
MacLear, Kyo. Beclouded Visions: Hiroshima-Nagasaki and the Art of Witnesses.
Mishima, Yukio. Runaway Horses.
Oe, Kenzaburo, ed. The Crazy Iris and Other Stories of the Atomic Aftermath.
Panayi, Panikos, ed. Minorities in Wartime: National and Racial Groupings in Europe, North America, and Australia during the Two World Wars.
Selden, Kyoko, ed. The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
On the Holocaust
Breitman, Richard. The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution.
Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide.
Lang, Berel. Act and Idea in the Nazi Genocide.
Laqueur, Walter. The Terrible Secret: Suppression of the Truth about Hitler’s “Final Solution”.
Spiegelman, Art. Maus: A Survivor’s Tale: My Father Bleeds History/Here My Troubles Began.
Wiesel, Elie. Night.
Wyman, David. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941–1945.
On the Origins of the Cold War
Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History.
Judge, Edward, ed. The Cold War: A History through Documents.
Kort, Michael, ed. The Columbia Guide to the Cold War.
Lafeber, Walter. America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945–1996.
Leffler, Melvyn, ed. Origins of the Cold War: An International History.
Schaller, Michael. The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia.
Wang, Jessica. American Science in an Age of Anxiety: Scientists, Anticommunism, and the Cold War.
The following films from the Films for the Humanities and Social Sciences should prove useful: Children of the Holocaust; From Bitter Earth: Artists of the Holocaust; The Holocaust: Judgment in Jerusalem; Atomic Guinea Pigs; The Cold War; Half Lives: History of the Nuclear Age; Inside the Cold War (CD-ROM); The Nuclear Age; The Bielski Brothers; Eastern Europe: 1939–1953; From a Different Shore: The Japanese-American Experience; The Second World War; Stalin and Hitler: The Confrontation; World War II.
The following selections from the McGraw-Hill PRIMIS World Civilization Document Database should prove useful: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf; Benito Mussolini, Fascism; Kita Ikki, Plan for the Reorganization of Japan; Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere; Human Cost of World War II (a. Elie Weisel, Night; b. Kiyoshi Kiyosawa, A Diary of Darkness); Nikita Khrushchev, Report to the Communist Party.
FILMS Band of Brothers (2001). A favorite of today’s students, this made-for-TV series follows an American airborne company from boot camp to the end of the war. It has won critical praise for its unflinching realism, though some might find this disturbing now and again; it was a cable show. Stephen Spielberg directs, Tom Hanks stars.
Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). David Lean’s masterful production of the novel of the same name set a benchmark of sorts for war films. The film explores the conflict between British and Japanese codes of honor through the story of prisoners of war forced to build a vital railway bridge in the jungles of southeast Asia. Alec Guiness and William Holden star.
Das Boot (“The Boat,” 1981). A powerful—often claustrophobic—German production about the crew of a U-boat in the Battle of the Atlantic. Widely acclaimed both for the gripping story and for the empathy with the subject. With English subtitles.
Diary of Anne Frank (1959). Often overlooked because of the book, this is actually a splendid film. Had it not been released in the same year as Ben-Hur, it could well have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Shelly Winters and Millie Perkins star.
Empire of the Sun (1987). Jim was a sheltered child, living comfortably in the British quarters of Singapore at the outbreak of the war. In the confusion of the Japanese invasion, he was separated from his family and had to survive in a prison camp. Directly by Steven Spielberg. Starring Christian Bales.
Escape from Sobibor (1987). A group of prisoners plots their escape from a Nazi death camp. They soon realize that their escape will mean death for other prisoners. Made for television, it nonetheless contains nudity and some graphic scenes. Alan Arkin and Rutger Hauer star.
Europa, Europa (1991). An unusual film in many ways. It tells the story of a German-Jewish boy who ends up in the Hitler Youth. Based on a true story, it lends some interesting insights to the subjects of the war and war crimes. In German and Russian, with English subtitles. There are some scenes that might be considered offensive.
Flying Tigers, The (1942). John Wayne made this film while the war was still on, which obviously lends itself to discussions on propaganda and the war. It’s pretty good just as a film too, and sheds light on a relatively unknown part of the Second World War.
Great Escape, The (1963). Still a student favorite, the film tells the story of prisoners determined to escape from a German Stalag during the Second World War. While it glosses over many of the horrors of these camps, the chilling nature of the war is driven home in the end. Steve McQueen, James Garner, and an all-star cast keep the story and the drama moving at a good pace.
Jakob the Liar (1999). Robin Williams stars in this simple story about a man who makes up news reports that he attributes to a hidden radio. Because the radio is supposedly in the Warsaw Ghetto, things become a bit more complex, however. The film attempts to show the human side of the Holocaust in what little positive light there is, but mixing comedy and mass death is risky.
Night and Fog (1955). The film is a bit outdated in its style, but it remains one of the most powerful commentaries on the Holocaust ever made. It can be graphic and visually unsettling. In French with English subtitles; the subtitles can be hard to read, but they are not really necessary.
Pianist, The (2003). Roman Polanski’s award-winning film about a Polish concert pianist, who also happens to be a Jew, who witnesses the Nazi takeover of Poland. He survives the Holocaust by hiding in the Warsaw Ghetto. Brilliant and different from any other Holocaust film.
Sands of Iwo Jima, The (1950). A classic John Wayne film, barely out of propaganda mode, that tells the story of the capture of this key Pacific island from the Japanese. The film makes for great discussions about the war and the way it was portrayed. Flying Leathernecks (1951) is another Wayne film in this genre.
Saving Private Ryan (1998). Arguably the finest combat picture ever made. The action begins with the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944 and follows a group of American soldiers as they move inland. Directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring Tom Hanks, Matt Damon.
Schindler’s List (1993). Oskar Schindler was an unheroic, German war profiteer who nevertheless risked his life and his fortune to rescue more than one thousand Jews from the concentration camps. Directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring Liam Neesen.
Sophie’s Choice (1982). Meryl Streep won an Academy Award for her portrayal of a Polish refugee still haunted by her experiences and memories of a Nazi extermination camp. Based on William Styron’s novel, the story is historical fiction.
Tora, Tora, Tora (1970). In this unusual American-Japanese coproduction, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is presented from both perspectives. The film builds from breakdown of diplomacy and military planning and climaxes with the battle itself.
World at War, The (1974). Thirty hours of television that lay out the story of the war in gripping visual detail. Narrated by Laurence Olivier. Though it looks a bit dated at times, it remains the standard for television histories.
On the War in Europe
Beevor, Antony. Stalingrad.
Bowen, Wayne. Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaborations in the New Order.
Bullock, Alan. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives.
Churchill, Winston. Memoirs of the Second World War.
Fest, Joachim. Hitler.
Hinsley, Francis. British Intelligence in the Second World War.
Litoff, Judy B., ed. American Women in a World at War: Contemporary Accounts from World War II.
Overy, Richard. Why the Allies Won the War.
Roeder, George. The Censored War: American Visual Experience during World War Two.
Stalin, Joseph. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.
Taylor, A. J. P. Origins of the Second World War.
Volkogonov, Dmitri. Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy.
On the War in the Pacific
Alperovitz, Gar. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth.
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II.
Fujitani, T., Geoffrey White, and Lisa Yoneyama, eds. Perilous Memories: The Asia-Pacific Wars.
Hershey, John. Hiroshima.
Kiyosawa, Kiyoshi. A Diary of Darkness: The Wartime Diary of Kiyosawa Kiyoshi.
MacLear, Kyo. Beclouded Visions: Hiroshima-Nagasaki and the Art of Witnesses.
Mishima, Yukio. Runaway Horses.
Oe, Kenzaburo, ed. The Crazy Iris and Other Stories of the Atomic Aftermath.
Panayi, Panikos, ed. Minorities in Wartime: National and Racial Groupings in Europe, North America, and Australia during the Two World Wars.
Selden, Kyoko, ed. The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
On the Holocaust
Breitman, Richard. The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution.
Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide.
Lang, Berel. Act and Idea in the Nazi Genocide.
Laqueur, Walter. The Terrible Secret: Suppression of the Truth about Hitler’s “Final Solution”.
Spiegelman, Art. Maus: A Survivor’s Tale: My Father Bleeds History/Here My Troubles Began.
Wiesel, Elie. Night.
Wyman, David. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941–1945.
On the Origins of the Cold War
Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History.
Judge, Edward, ed. The Cold War: A History through Documents.
Kort, Michael, ed. The Columbia Guide to the Cold War.
Lafeber, Walter. America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945–1996.
Leffler, Melvyn, ed. Origins of the Cold War: An International History.
Schaller, Michael. The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia.
Wang, Jessica. American Science in an Age of Anxiety: Scientists, Anticommunism, and the Cold War.
The following films from the Films for the Humanities and Social Sciences should prove useful: Children of the Holocaust; From Bitter Earth: Artists of the Holocaust; The Holocaust: Judgment in Jerusalem; Atomic Guinea Pigs; The Cold War; Half Lives: History of the Nuclear Age; Inside the Cold War (CD-ROM); The Nuclear Age; The Bielski Brothers; Eastern Europe: 1939–1953; From a Different Shore: The Japanese-American Experience; The Second World War; Stalin and Hitler: The Confrontation; World War II.
The following selections from the McGraw-Hill PRIMIS World Civilization Document Database should prove useful: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf; Benito Mussolini, Fascism; Kita Ikki, Plan for the Reorganization of Japan; Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere; Human Cost of World War II (a. Elie Weisel, Night; b. Kiyoshi Kiyosawa, A Diary of Darkness); Nikita Khrushchev, Report to the Communist Party.
FILMS Band of Brothers (2001). A favorite of today’s students, this made-for-TV series follows an American airborne company from boot camp to the end of the war. It has won critical praise for its unflinching realism, though some might find this disturbing now and again; it was a cable show. Stephen Spielberg directs, Tom Hanks stars.
Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). David Lean’s masterful production of the novel of the same name set a benchmark of sorts for war films. The film explores the conflict between British and Japanese codes of honor through the story of prisoners of war forced to build a vital railway bridge in the jungles of southeast Asia. Alec Guiness and William Holden star.
Das Boot (“The Boat,” 1981). A powerful—often claustrophobic—German production about the crew of a U-boat in the Battle of the Atlantic. Widely acclaimed both for the gripping story and for the empathy with the subject. With English subtitles.
Diary of Anne Frank (1959). Often overlooked because of the book, this is actually a splendid film. Had it not been released in the same year as Ben-Hur, it could well have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Shelly Winters and Millie Perkins star.
Empire of the Sun (1987). Jim was a sheltered child, living comfortably in the British quarters of Singapore at the outbreak of the war. In the confusion of the Japanese invasion, he was separated from his family and had to survive in a prison camp. Directly by Steven Spielberg. Starring Christian Bales.
Escape from Sobibor (1987). A group of prisoners plots their escape from a Nazi death camp. They soon realize that their escape will mean death for other prisoners. Made for television, it nonetheless contains nudity and some graphic scenes. Alan Arkin and Rutger Hauer star.
Europa, Europa (1991). An unusual film in many ways. It tells the story of a German-Jewish boy who ends up in the Hitler Youth. Based on a true story, it lends some interesting insights to the subjects of the war and war crimes. In German and Russian, with English subtitles. There are some scenes that might be considered offensive.
Flying Tigers, The (1942). John Wayne made this film while the war was still on, which obviously lends itself to discussions on propaganda and the war. It’s pretty good just as a film too, and sheds light on a relatively unknown part of the Second World War.
Great Escape, The (1963). Still a student favorite, the film tells the story of prisoners determined to escape from a German Stalag during the Second World War. While it glosses over many of the horrors of these camps, the chilling nature of the war is driven home in the end. Steve McQueen, James Garner, and an all-star cast keep the story and the drama moving at a good pace.
Jakob the Liar (1999). Robin Williams stars in this simple story about a man who makes up news reports that he attributes to a hidden radio. Because the radio is supposedly in the Warsaw Ghetto, things become a bit more complex, however. The film attempts to show the human side of the Holocaust in what little positive light there is, but mixing comedy and mass death is risky.
Night and Fog (1955). The film is a bit outdated in its style, but it remains one of the most powerful commentaries on the Holocaust ever made. It can be graphic and visually unsettling. In French with English subtitles; the subtitles can be hard to read, but they are not really necessary.
Pianist, The (2003). Roman Polanski’s award-winning film about a Polish concert pianist, who also happens to be a Jew, who witnesses the Nazi takeover of Poland. He survives the Holocaust by hiding in the Warsaw Ghetto. Brilliant and different from any other Holocaust film.
Sands of Iwo Jima, The (1950). A classic John Wayne film, barely out of propaganda mode, that tells the story of the capture of this key Pacific island from the Japanese. The film makes for great discussions about the war and the way it was portrayed. Flying Leathernecks (1951) is another Wayne film in this genre.
Saving Private Ryan (1998). Arguably the finest combat picture ever made. The action begins with the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944 and follows a group of American soldiers as they move inland. Directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring Tom Hanks, Matt Damon.
Schindler’s List (1993). Oskar Schindler was an unheroic, German war profiteer who nevertheless risked his life and his fortune to rescue more than one thousand Jews from the concentration camps. Directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring Liam Neesen.
Sophie’s Choice (1982). Meryl Streep won an Academy Award for her portrayal of a Polish refugee still haunted by her experiences and memories of a Nazi extermination camp. Based on William Styron’s novel, the story is historical fiction.
Tora, Tora, Tora (1970). In this unusual American-Japanese coproduction, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is presented from both perspectives. The film builds from breakdown of diplomacy and military planning and climaxes with the battle itself.
World at War, The (1974). Thirty hours of television that lay out the story of the war in gripping visual detail. Narrated by Laurence Olivier. Though it looks a bit dated at times, it remains the standard for television histories.